No. The only two functions available to get data about a guild you aren't in are GetGuildInfo(unit) and GetInspectGuildInfo(unit), both requiring a unit.
Code:
local guildName, guildRankName, guildRankIndex, realm = GetGuildInfo(unit)
local guildPoints, guildNumMembers, guildName = GetInspectGuildInfo(unit)
You can, however, try to iterate through the guild recruitment frame and feed indexes into GetRecruitingGuildInfo(index), but finding a guild there requires that the GM has listed it as recruiting.
Code:
local name, level, numMembers, achPoints = GetRecruitingGuildInfo(index)
Using /guildinfo or /run GuildInfo() will print some more information about your current guild into CHAT_MSG_SYSTEM events, such as creation date.